When an author submits a manuscript to one of our journals, the following checks take place before it enters the peer review process :

• Submission Acknowledgment : Upon submission, authors will receive an acknowledgment confirming receipt of their manuscript.
• Preliminary Evaluation : The editorial team conducts a preliminary evaluation to determine if the manuscript meets the scope and quality requirements of the journal. The article must be aligned with the journal’s aims and should adhere to the author guidelines in terms of formatting and content.

Before proceeding to the peer review stage, all submitted manuscripts undergo a plagiarism detection check using industry-standard tools. This step is essential to ensure the originality of the work and uphold the integrity of the journal.

• Plagiarism Threshold : Manuscripts with plagiarism levels above 20% will not be considered for publication. Authors whose manuscripts exceed this threshold will be notified and asked to revise their work before resubmission
• Revised Submission : If the manuscript is found to have significant similarities with previously published works, the authors will be required to make necessary changes to ensure the originality of their work.

Once the manuscript passes the plagiarism check, it is assigned to the Editor-in-Chief or a relevant Associate Editor based on the topic and discipline of the manuscript. The editor will :

• Evaluate Manuscript Fit : Ensure the manuscript aligns with the scope of the journal and assess its overall quality.
• Decision on Review Process : If the manuscript meets the criteria, it proceeds to the next step. If not, it may be rejected or returned to the author for revisions or clarification.

The editor will then select two or more independent, expert peer reviewers based on their expertise in the subject area of the manuscript. These reviewers are typically academics or professionals with a deep understanding of the research topic.

• Double-Blind Review : The peer review is conducted in a double-blind format, meaning both the authors and reviewers remain anonymous to each other. This approach promotes impartiality and reduces bias in the review process.
• Reviewer Invitation : Reviewers are invited to assess the manuscript. They are expected to evaluate the quality, originality, clarity, methodology, data analysis, and overall contribution of the manuscript to the field.

Once the peer reviewers have accepted the invitation to review, they conduct a thorough assessment of the manuscript. This step includes:

• Manuscript Evaluation : Reviewers examine various aspects of the manuscript.
• Originality : Is the research original? Does it provide novel insights?
• Methodology : Are the research methods and approach sound and reliable?
• Clarity and Structure : Is the manuscript well-organized and clearly written?
• Data Analysis : Are the data presented and analyzed correctly? Are conclusions supported by the results?
• Literature Review : Is the manuscript appropriately grounded in relevant research?
• Ethical Considerations : Are the ethical guidelines adhered to in the study?
• Review Reports : Each reviewer provides a detailed review with their assessment and recommendations. They are also asked to give constructive feedback to the author to improve the manuscript.

After receiving the peer reviews, the editor assesses the reviewers' comments and makes one of the following editorial decisions :

• Accept Submission : If the manuscript is deemed to meet the journal’s standards, it may be accepted for publication without further changes or with minor revisions.
• Revise and Resubmit : If the manuscript requires improvements, the editor will request revisions from the authors. The reviewers' feedback will be shared with the authors, who must revise the manuscript accordingly. After revisions are made, the manuscript may be sent back to the reviewers for a second evaluation.
• Reject Submission : If the manuscript does not meet the required standards or is deemed unsuitable for publication, it will be rejected. The authors will be informed with constructive feedback.

Once a manuscript is accepted for publication :

• Copyediting and Proofreading : The manuscript undergoes a final round of professional editing to ensure it adheres to the journal’s formatting and stylistic guidelines. This includes grammar checks, citation style, and layout adjustments.
• Author Approval : The authors will receive the edited manuscript for final approval before publication. This step ensures that the authors are satisfied with the changes and gives them a chance to review the final version of the article.

• Upon approval, the article is scheduled for publication. Depending on the journal's publication schedule, the article will be published online, making it freely available to the global research community under the open-access model.
• Online First : If the journal follows an "online first" policy, the article will be made available ahead of the print version to increase visibility and accessibility.
• Print and Digital Formats : The article will appear in the next issue of the journal, and a digital version will be available on the journal's website for open access.

After publication, we continue to ensure that the article remains relevant and accessible :

• Post-Publication Review : Authors may respond to additional feedback or questions from the research community. In some cases, we may offer opportunities for further commentary or engagement with the paper.
• Citations and Impact : We encourage authors to promote their work, and we support researchers in increasing the visibility of their published articles via academic networking platforms and social media.